Equations of lines through a point

About this lesson

Geometry › Coordinate geometry

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Equations of lines through a point

Coordinate geometry. distance formula, midpoint, equation of a circle, perpendicular lines, partition a segment

Warm-up

Three quick questions from earlier lessons.

Discover

A line has slope 2 and passes through (3,1)(3, 1). Does it pass through (4,3)(4, 3)?

  1. Yes
  2. No

Key idea

A point and a slope fix a line.

Point-slope form: y=y1+m(x−x1)y = y_1 + m(x - x_1). To get y=mx+by = mx + b, substitute the point to find bb. A line parallel (perpendicular) to a given line uses the same (negative reciprocal) slope, with its own intercept.

Worked example

Through (2,5)(2, 5), parallel to y=3x−4y = 3x - 4.

m=3m = 3
Same slope.
b=−1b = -1
5 = 3·2 + b.
y=3x−1y = 3x - 1
The line.

Your turn, guided

Your turn: slope −2-2 through (1,4)(1, 4). The intercept bb.

b=6b = 6
4 = −2 + b.

Practice ★

  1. Write the line with slope 33 through (4,−1)(4, -1): enter the right-hand side of y=…y = \ldots
  2. Write the line with slope 11 through (2,−1)(2, -1): enter the right-hand side of y=…y = \ldots
  1. Find the yy-intercept of the line parallel to y=−3x+−1y = -3x + -1 through (−3,−5)(-3, -5).
  2. Find the yy-intercept of the line parallel to y=1x+−1y = 1x + -1 through (−1,2)(-1, 2).

Watch out!

Practice ★★

  1. Find the yy-intercept of the line perpendicular to y=4xy = 4x through (−3,−3)(-3, -3).
  1. Boss problem. A(−2,−2)A(-2, -2) and B(2,0)B(2, 0). Find the perpendicular bisector of ABAB.

Exit ticket

Three questions to check you have got it.

  1. Write the line with slope 33 through (4,−1)(4, -1): enter the right-hand side of y=…y = \ldots
  2. Write the line with slope 11 through (2,−1)(2, -1): enter the right-hand side of y=…y = \ldots
  3. Write the line with slope 55 through (4,−1)(4, -1): enter the right-hand side of y=…y = \ldots

Summary card

Equations of lines

y=y1+m(x−x1)y = y_1 + m(x - x_1); find bb by substituting the point.

Watch out: parallel lines share the slope, not the intercept.

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